The Norman Conquest and the Battle of Hastings

In September 1066, William assembled a large invasion force comprising Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French soldiers. On October 14, 1066, William’s army met Harold’s forces at the Battle of Hastings. The battle was brutal and decisive. Harold was killed, allegedly struck in the eye by an arrow, and his army was defeated. William emerged victorious and was crowned King of England on Christmas Day 1066.

This battle marked a turning point in English history. It effectively ended Anglo-Saxon rule and initiated Norman dominance over England, leading to profound changes in language, culture, governance, and land ownership.

William’s Reign: Transformations and Tyranny

William’s reign fundamentally transformed England, but his rule was far from peaceful or benevolent.

Administrative and Cultural Changes

William introduced the feudal system, redistributing land to his Norman followers and displacing many Anglo-Saxon nobles. This restructuring centralized power in the hands of the king and his loyal vassals, reshaping English society.

The Domesday Book, commissioned in 1085, was a monumental survey of England’s lands and resources. It reflected William’s desire to consolidate control and increase royal revenue.

Norman French became the language of the ruling elite, influencing the English language and culture for centuries. shutdown123